Johnny Cash

Nashville, TN   Visited April 2013

A post about the legendary Johnny Cash.  There is a personal dimension to this one because it turns out that I am related to the Man in Black.  Details at the bottom of this post.  But first the story.

In doing research on Johnny Cash I realized there is no way I could capture his extraordinary life and art in a blog.  So I thought I’d do something different.  I’ll give some basic bio, then I’ll:  

• Give 10 remarkable/curious/notable facts about the man.
• Give five insightful quotes from or about him.  
• Give my list of the top five Johnny Cash songs.

Little J. R. Cash

Johnny Cash was born February 26, 1932 in Kingsland, Arkansas.  The Cash family were poor cotton farmers but had a strong Pentecostal background.  The death of Cash’s older brother in a sawmill accident at 15 had a profound effect on him and was often referenced in his story for the rest of his life. Cash served in the air force in Germany in 1950-54.  Upon his discharge in 1954 he married his first wife Vivian.  They had four daughters.  Was signed initially signed  to Sun Records by Sam Phillips in 1955.  His first major hit was I Walk the Line. He rose to prominence as both a country music star and popular music personality in the 1960's.  Serious drug and alcohol addiction nearly destroyed him in the mid sixties, and his erratic behavior cost him his first marriage.   

Cash married June Carter in 1968 and they had one son.  From 1969-71 Johnny hosted The Johnny Cash Show on CBS, where he brought performers from the country and pop words together to perform.  While his own recording career would taper down over the next quarter century, Cash collaborated with artists across the pop music performance in making music and live performances.  Johnny quit performing due to a degenerative nerve disorder in 1997.  He and June lived as revered elders in country music until June’s death in May 2003 after 35 years of marriage.  Johnny died less than four months later on September 12, 2003.  He was 71.   The Cash’s are buried at Hendersonville Memorial Gardens in Hendersonville, TN, just outside Nashville. 

Johnny Cash is the only performer elected to the Country Music, Rock and Roll and Songwriters Halls of Fame.

Ten Remarkable/Curious/Notable Facts about Johnny Cash – In Chronological Order.

#1  Johnny Cash’s legal name at birth was J. R. Cash – no names, just initials.  He took the name Johnny when he enlisted in the army. 

#2  Cash was taught the guitar by his mother who wanted him to sing gospel music.  He began writing and singing (in a high tenor voice) when he was twelve.

#3  Cash was the first military radio operator to decode the news that Joseph Stalin had died. 

#4  On December 4, 1956 Johnny Cash was in the Sun Studio in Nashville.  In a nearby recording room Carl Perkins was recording a song backed on piano by Jerry Lee Lewis.  A young singer named Elvis Presley dropped in and the four commenced a jam session of mostly gospel tunes that was later released as “The Million Dollar Quartet”.

The Million Dollar Quartet - from left to right,
Lewis, Perkins, Presley, Cash

#5  Johnny Cash began wearing his signature black suit early in his career primarily because it was easier to keep looking clean on tour.  He became known as ‘the Undertaker’ because of it.

Early J.C with signature guitar pose

#6  In 1965 Cash was driving his truck in Los Padres National Forest in California when it caught fire.   The fire destroyed over 500 acres of forest on two mountains.  When asked why it happened, Cash told a judge, "I didn't do it, my truck did, and it's dead, so you can't question it."

#7  Johnny Cash first performed at the Grand Ole Opry in 1956.  In 1965 he was banned from the Opry because he smashed all the flood lights with a microphone stand.  He was reinstated a few years later.  

 #8  In 1983 Johnny Cash played a heroic sheriff in the movie, Murder in Coweta County.  Andy Griffith played the bad guy in the movie. 

C+ Christian with Billy Graham

#9  In 1986 Cash published his only novel – a fictionalized account of the Apostle Paul entitled “Man in White”.  The idea came out of his religious conversion; a born again experience that had a lasting effect on his life even as he struggled to live consistently as a follower of Christ.   He once said he graded himself a  C+ as a Christian.

#10  Johnny Cash recorded sixty songs in the last four months of his life.  He finished the final track for his last album a week before he died.

Johnny and June Carter Cash

Five quotes by or about the Man in Black

“The beast in me is caged by frail and fragile bars.” - Johnny Cash

“How well I have learned that there is no fence to sit on between heaven and hell. There is a deep, wide gulf, a chasm, and in that chasm is no place for any man” - Johnny Cash

Dylan and Cash - they were neighbors in Woodstock, NY
in the mid 1960's

"He is what the land and country is all about, the heart and soul of it personified and what it means to be here; and he said it all in plain English.  Listen to him, and he will always bring you to your senses.” - Bob Dylan

“He showed me his house, his ranch, his zoo (seriously, he had a zoo in Nashville), his faith, his musicianship.  He was more than wise. In a garden full of weeds — the oak tree.” - Bono

"Johnny, I want to send out a big thanks for the inspiration.  You took the social consciousness from folk music, the gravity and humor from country music, and the rebellion out of rock and roll, and taught all us young guys that not only was it all right to tear up all those lines and boundaries, but it was important." – Bruce Springsteen

Five favorite songs. 

The Highwaymen (L to R):  Willie Nelson, Waylon
Jennings, Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson - 1980s

#5 A Boy Named Sue:  What was initially as a novelty song released on the B side of the San Quentin single, it became his only top ten pop hit.  This is one of the first records I bought and I had memorized the entire song when I was about 9 years old.  I still know more of it than I should.  Here’s the live version from Cash's San Quentin Prison show in 1969.

# 4 Folsom Prison Blues: The Man in Black’s signature prison song – raw lyrical approach almost unique in country music history – or pop and rock history for that matter.  Cash said that he wrote the song while in the military in 1953.  Here’s a live performance from the early 70's.   

#3 Hurt:  Cash’s version of Trent Reznor’s song was recorded just months before he died in 2003.  Cash got permission from Reznor to change some of the lyrics to make it more consistent with his Christian faith.  The video of the song (pardon the quality) is considered one of the greatest music video’s of all time.  

#2 I Walk the Line:  Johnny wrote this song early in his career and it became the song for which he is best known.  Here is a version recorded on the Tex Ritter Show when Johnny was 23 – pre ‘Man in Black’ days.  

#1 Ring of Fire:  My favorite Cash song – a beautiful melody and haunting lyrics.  Johnny came up with the idea of using the mariachi horns.  This easy-going acoustic version with Willie Nelson is really nice. 

Johnny's gear at the Country Music
Hall of Fame

One bonus video worth checking out is Cash's performance of Big River at his induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992.  Among the cast of thousands onstage for the jam are Keith Richards, John Fogarty, Steve Cropper, the Edge and Carlos Santana - a testament to the wide reaching impact of the art of Johnny Cash.  

From Johnny Cash's last performance - July 5, 2003 - Hiltons, VA

I visited the Cash family plot in Hendersonville, outside of Nashville with my friend Ian.  It’s a typical municipal cemetery and the plot area is near the parking lot – a remarkably normal location for such a famous artist.  

Your blogger with Johnny's plaque at the Country
Music Hall of Fame in Nashville

At the Cash family plot

Cash's self-selected inscription captures his
conflicted desire to glorify God and the
relentless grace that never let him go.

Family connection:  My brother John has been doing research on our family history and discovered in the process that our family and Cash’s family were related in north Georgia in the 1800’s. Cash developed an interest in his family history later in life and therefore a good deal of information is available about that part of our family. 

Officially, we are fifth cousins twice removed. We share common Scottish roots. Our ancestors immigrated to Salem, Massachusetts in the 1670’s,settling in Virginia not long afterward. Later sons fought in the revolutionary war and as a result received land grants in north east Georgia in the late 1700’s. Johnny Cash’s great-grand-father moved from Georgia to Arkansas in 1850 where Johnny was born about 82 years later. Unfortunately for us the Cash line took most of the the musical talent and the nice full head of hair. 

John has created a beautiful web site about the family history based on his research.  At one time you could find a Farmer or a Fricks or a Cash almost anywhere in North Georgia.  But times change and people move on.  Its good to have a family heritage collected and accessible for future generations.  You can check the site out at Leatherwood Creek.

Paul Revere

Boston, MA  Visited July 2003

July is Patriot Month here at ISDP.  There may be no person whose genuine contributions to the American Revolution are more shrouded and obscured by legend than Paul Revere.  This true patriot did ride the ride, but his contribution to the cause of building a new nation was far more than one night on a horse.  Here’s the story.

Revere family seal

Paul Revere was born December 21, 1734 in Boston.  His father was a Protestant Huguenot, who had emigrated from France to the American colonies.  The elder Revere was a silversmith who apprenticed his son into the craft.  One thing the son didn’t tend take to was his father’s puritan spiritual bent.  But after a contentious relationship over religious matters, the father and son eventually came to similar Christian convictions.   The elder Paul Revere died when his son was 20 years old, leaving the silversmith business in limbo because young Paul was not of legal age to master it. 

Paul Revere House in Boston

Paul Revere’s early twenties included a short stint in the colonial army during the French and Indian War.  In the years following the war Revere was married (in 1757) and built his name as an artisan in silver.  But in the mid-1760s the local economy in Boston went into the tank, forcing the silversmith to learn dentistry.  One of Revere’s early patients was a doctor, Joseph Warren, who also happened to be one of the key early leaders in opposition to England’s rule of the colonies.  Revere’s friendship with Warren radicalized him and he became part of the Sons of Liberty, a band of colonists committed to disrupting the English presence in Boston.  Revere was one of the key ‘partiers’ among the Sons of Liberty during their Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773. 

Depiction of Revere's ride by N. C. Wyeth

“The Midnight Ride” was just the most prominent mission of many that Paul Revere took as a patriot in the build-up to the Revolutionary War.  From 1773-75 he had signed on as courier rider for the various groups opposing the prevailing crown rule.  His job was to carry news between Boston and Philadelphia to help in the coordination of colonial resistance.   The Midnight Ride was all in a day's work. 

With the increasing presence of British troops in New England,  the colonists began to prepare for possible armed conflict.  They collected arms and ammunition in small town armories and developed a militia who became known as the Minute Men because of their commitment to mobilize at a moment’s notice.  On April 14, 1775 British General Gates received orders to move into the countryside to disarm the colonials and seize weapons stores.  

"One if by land...." Work by contemporary artist David Dibble

With the mobilization of troops on April 18 Revere was to set out on horseback with fellow patriot William Dawes to warn the colonials.  In order to determine the route of the British expedition Revere had previously arranged a signal system using lanterns (“One if by land, two if by sea”) in Old North Church, the tallest point in the city. 

Receiving the land route signal Revere set off on the road to Lexington and Concord west of Boston, alerting the militia along the way.  He arrived in Lexington around midnight and met with John Hancock  and Samuel Adams, who were lodging in the town (and were additional targets of the British excursion).  After conferring on the situation, Revere, Dawes and Samuel Prescott set out for Concord, where the largest stores of arms were hidden.  Revere was caught by the British and questioned about what was up ahead.  His answers had the effect of alerting the British that they had lost the element of surprise, so they reversed march and headed back to Boston.  By this time the Minute Men had taken up positions from which they could harass the British force on its return march.   

Location of Paul Revere's capture by the British on the way to Concord

Reaching Lexington the morning of April 19, the redcoats encountered a formed colonial militia on the Lexington Green, where ‘the shot heard round the world’ was fired; beginning the initial battle of the Revolutionary War.  During the battle Revere was released by the British at the expense of his horse but managed to make his way to Lexington where he assisted John Hancock's escape from town.   

Your blogger on Lexington Green

 

With the war begun Paul Revere enlisted as a major in the Massachusetts militia,  where he had a rocky experience.  His part in a failed military operation known as the Penobscot Expedition resulted in a court martial.  While he was exonerated by the trial his wartime military career was effectively ended.  However, Revere found numerous ways as a businessman and metalworker to assist in the war effort.  Though these activities brought him a certain amount of business and name recognition, there is no evidence that he profited unduly from the war.  In fact his activities seemed to have modeled the effective cooperation of the merchant class who underwrote much of the war effort for the ad hoc colonial army.  

Nighttime view of the Paul Revere statue in Boston with the Old North Church in the background

Paul Revere came out of the war not just a silversmith, but also a merchant and business and industrial innovator.  He worked with new technologies to produce a broad range of metal goods for high end and working class use.  He expanded into iron and copper working and became noted for his bell casting and armaments.  Revere also innovated in employment practices, becoming one of the first tradesmen to establish a hire for pay workforce to assist him.  He eventually passed on his diverse metalworking enterprises to his son, who kept the family business in operation through the 1800’s.  Revere Copper Works continues to produce housewares though it is now a subsidiary of another company.  And Revere’s personally designed and crafted silverware is highly valued not only for its historic merit but for its artistic quality as well.  

Crafty Revere Teapot at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Unlike many first generation patriots of his stature, Paul Revere never sought or served in national office.  Yet he remained active in Massachusetts politics through his life.  In his personal life he was married twice.  His first wife Sarah, whom he married in when he was 23, bore him eight children and passed away in early 1773.  Less than a year later he married his second wife, Rachel, just two months before the Boston Tea Party.  They also had eight children over a forty-year marriage.  Tragically, only five of Revere’s sixteen children survived him.  

Revere late in life as painted by Gilbert Stuart

Paul Revere retired as a well-respected craftsman and successful merchant around the time of the War of 1812, leaving his businesses to his children.  He died of natural causes on May 10, 1818, at the age of 83, at his home on Charter Street in Boston.  In the Boston Intelligencer his obituary noted, "seldom has the tomb closed upon a life so honorable and useful."  He is buried in Boston’s Old Granary Burial Ground along with a number of other well-known patriots.  I have visited the burial ground on two occasions, most recently with my brother John and friend Bauer Evans. 

 

My view in July 2003 as I lurk just beyond the crowd of tourists

 

 Straightforward epitaph for a straightforward man.

For the next forty plus years Paul Revere would be a respected but historically obscure Boston patriot and merchant.  But in 1860 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow published a poem entitled “Paul Revere’s Ride”.  Though accurate in some of the basic details, the poem was a creative work intended to build civic lessons out of the story to stir the Union cause on the eve of the Civil War.  It worked and the poem, and its subject, have gone down in American history as emblematic of the spirit and resolve of liberty.        

Listen, my children, and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere….

The full text of the poem can be found here.

One relatively modern reference point for the Boston silversmith is the Sixties pop band "Paul Revere and the Raiders".  Dressing in dandy colonial garb the group was supposedly a U.S. music answer to the 'British Invasion'.  As such the band scored a few minor hits.  But it was no match for the Beatles, Rolling Stones, Who and other British bands who owned the US charts in the mid Sixties.  If you're looking for some real Sixties Americana check out Paul Revere and the Raiders as The Penguin's house band in a weird episode of "Batman"